The correct answer is Ping of Death.

An ICMP packet that exceeds the IPv4 maximum datagram size can cause problems during fragmentation and reassembly and that behavior is the classic characteristic of the Ping of Death. IPv4 limits a packet to 65,535 bytes and a 72 kilobyte ICMP packet is larger than that limit. Historically some implementations attempted to reassemble oversized fragments which led to memory corruption or crashes and that is why this attack is identified as the Ping of Death. Modern systems are generally patched to discard or properly handle such oversized fragments so it is largely a historical attack pattern.

Teardrop attack is incorrect because it relies on sending fragments with overlapping offsets to confuse reassembly logic rather than sending a single ICMP packet that exceeds the maximum IP datagram size.

TCP SYN flood is incorrect because that attack exhausts server TCP connection state by sending many SYN packets and not by sending oversized ICMP fragments.

Buffer overflow exploit is incorrect as an answer because it describes a general class of vulnerabilities and exploits rather than naming the specific network attack. The Ping of Death is the specific historical network attack that caused a buffer overflow via oversized ICMP reassembly.

Smurf amplification attack is incorrect because it uses spoofed ICMP echo requests to broadcast addresses to amplify traffic toward a victim and it does not involve sending an ICMP packet that exceeds the IP maximum size.

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