The correct answer is Deploying patches to remediate vulnerabilities.

Deploying patches to remediate vulnerabilities refers to making code or configuration changes that remove identified security flaws. Patching updates vulnerable components fixes faulty logic or adjusts settings so an issue can no longer be exploited and it is therefore the remediation step in the vulnerability management lifecycle.

Verification procedures are steps to confirm that a fix or change works as intended and they do not themselves change code or configuration. Verification normally occurs after remediation to ensure the patch was effective.

Certification assessment evaluates whether systems meet security or compliance requirements and it does not perform code or configuration changes to eliminate vulnerabilities. Certification documents or approves security posture but it is not the remediation action.

Validation testing checks that functionality and security behave as expected after changes and it does not by itself remove vulnerabilities. Validation is typically performed after patches are applied to ensure no new issues were introduced.

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