The correct answer is Identity and Access Management (IAM). Identity and Access Management (IAM) is the primary framework used to manage user identities and control access privileges across an organization.

Identity and Access Management (IAM) centralizes identity lifecycle management and enforces access control through policies and roles. It covers authentication and authorization and includes provisioning, role based access control, policy enforcement, and auditing to ensure users have the appropriate privileges.

Cloud Identity service is typically a vendor specific product or offering that provides identity features. It can be a component within an overall IAM strategy but it is not the generic, organization wide framework that the question asks about.

Identity provider is a component that authenticates users and asserts identity to relying applications. It is not the complete management framework for access privileges because IAM also defines policies, roles, and authorization controls beyond simple identity assertion.

X.509 certificate standard defines a format and trust model for public key certificates and it is used for authentication and secure communication. It is a cryptographic standard and not a framework for managing user identities and access policies across a company.

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