The correct option is Attack surface analysis.

Attack surface analysis is the phase in which the team enumerates and maps the application\'s exposed interfaces, services, inputs, and integrations to discover possible entry points that adversaries might use. This mapping helps teams identify where to apply controls and how to prioritize defensive work before more detailed threat assessments or testing.

Threat modeling is related because it identifies threats and attack scenarios, but Threat modeling is broader and focuses on how an attacker could exploit weaknesses rather than the initial task of exhaustively mapping exposed entry points. Threat modeling often uses the attack surface map as an input.

Cloud IAM configuration review focuses on identities, roles, and permission configurations in cloud environments to enforce least privilege. That review does not perform the application level mapping of entry points described in the question and so it is not the correct stage.

Static application security testing analyzes source code or compiled binaries to find coding defects and vulnerabilities. SAST is a testing technique and it does not by itself produce the holistic mapping of exposed interfaces and potential entry points that an attack surface analysis does.

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