It is the proactive assessment of risks followed by selecting and applying controls to reduce the likelihood or impact of security incidents is the correct option.

This choice describes standard risk management practice where teams first assess threats and vulnerabilities and then choose and implement controls to lower either the probability of an incident or its consequences. In practice proactive assessment of risks followed by selecting and applying controls involves risk identification risk analysis and control selection from technical administrative and physical categories and then monitoring the controls for effectiveness.

It is a reactive procedure that applies controls only after a breach is discovered is incorrect because waiting until after a breach means you are not reducing likelihood beforehand and you are missing the core mitigation goal of preventing or limiting impact.

Relying solely on Security Command Center to perform all mitigation tasks is incorrect because a single tool can assist with detection and prioritization but it cannot replace a program that selects implements and monitors a range of controls across people processes and technology.

It consists only of cataloging system vulnerabilities without implementing any countermeasures is incorrect because identifying vulnerabilities is only one step and mitigation requires selecting and applying countermeasures to reduce risk.

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