Individuals or groups that hold a direct interest in the information system and include executives, users and security teams who take part in risk management activities such as decisions implementation and monitoring is correct.

This option is correct because system stakeholders are defined by both their interest in the system and their active role in governance and risk management. Executives provide direction and resources. Users provide requirements and raise operational concerns. Security teams assess risk implement controls and monitor effectiveness. Together these parties participate in decision making implementation and monitoring of security.

External contractors or vendors who are affected by the system but do not participate in internal security governance is incorrect because being affected does not by itself make a party a stakeholder for internal governance when they do not take part in risk management activities. Contractors and vendors can be stakeholders when they are involved in governance or have contractual responsibilities but the option excludes that participation so it does not match the definition used here.

Only cloud operations or site reliability engineering teams who are solely responsible for deploying security controls is incorrect because it is too narrow and assigns sole responsibility to operational teams. Deploying controls is an operational function but stakeholders include leadership users and security professionals who participate in policy decisions funding and oversight. Security is a shared responsibility across roles.

Staff who perform routine system tasks and are not engaged in risk assessment or strategic security decisions is incorrect because routine operators may have an interest but the definition used for stakeholders emphasizes active engagement in risk management and governance. Staff who do not participate in assessment decision making or monitoring are not fulfilling the stakeholder role described in the correct option.

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