Management plane is correct because it is the architectural component that gives operators a centralized interface to manage every host across the infrastructure from a single point.

The Management plane provides orchestration, provisioning, configuration, monitoring and policy enforcement across physical and virtual hosts. It aggregates inventory and telemetry and it implements lifecycle management so administrators can control the entire environment without interacting with each host individually.

Virtual management console is incorrect because that phrase usually describes a specific interface or tool rather than the underlying architectural plane. A virtual management console can be part of the Management plane but it is not the plane itself.

Hypervisor is incorrect because a hypervisor manages virtual machines on a single host or node level and handles resource isolation and scheduling. A hypervisor does not provide the centralized, cross host management and orchestration that the Management plane provides.

Software defined networking is incorrect because SDN focuses on abstracting and controlling network forwarding and policies. Software defined networking can be controlled by the management or control plane but it does not by itself serve as the centralized management component for every host.

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