The correct answer is Independent scaling and greater operational flexibility.

Moving from a monolithic application to containerized microservices allows individual services to be scaled on demand and updated independently. This reduces resource waste and enables faster deployments and clearer fault isolation which improves overall operational agility and resilience.

Anthos is a management and platform product for running Kubernetes across cloud and on prem environments and it describes a tool chain rather than the primary architectural benefit of breaking a monolith into microservices.

Improved network throughput is not the main outcome because microservices increase inter service calls and can add network overhead, so the change usually affects operational flexibility rather than raw network performance.

Centralized service management is misleading because microservices typically promote decentralized ownership and independent deployment of services instead of centralizing control.

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