The correct answer is Common Criteria because it is the international standard that defines the terms protection profile and evaluation assurance level.

The Common Criteria is published as ISO/IEC 15408 and it defines a protection profile as a reusable, implementation independent set of security requirements for a class of products. The Common Criteria also defines evaluation assurance levels or EAL as a scale from EAL1 through EAL7 that describes the depth and rigor of an assurance evaluation.

ISO/IEC 27001 is an information security management system standard and it focuses on organizational policies, risk management, and controls rather than formal product evaluation criteria like protection profiles and EALs.

CSA STAR is a cloud security assurance program and registry that promotes transparency and assessment of cloud providers and it does not define EALs or protection profiles as part of an international product evaluation standard.

FIPS 140-2 is a U.S. standard for cryptographic module validation and it defines security levels for crypto modules instead of protection profiles or EALs. It has been superseded by FIPS 140-3 and is considered legacy for newer evaluations.

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