Threat modeling is the correct option for activities performed during the planning stage of a CI/CD pipeline.

Threat modeling is an early design activity where teams identify assets, enumerate potential threats, map attack surfaces, and define mitigations and security requirements before code is written. Doing this work during planning helps set security requirements and priorities and it guides which checks and tests to automate later in the pipeline.

Static code analysis is not a planning stage activity because it inspects source code for vulnerabilities and style issues and it runs during implementation or continuous integration when code is available to analyze.

Penetration testing is an active exercise that simulates attacks against a deployed system and it is normally performed during staging or production testing rather than during planning.

Load testing measures performance and scalability under high load and it belongs to performance and system testing phases after the architecture and implementation decisions have been made.

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